Device regarding Individual Diet, Department regarding Restaurants Technology and People Nutrients, Farming University out-of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Yards.); (V.B.); (Good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Introduction
Drinks on kinds of teas, java, milk products, juices, sodas, diet drinks, energy drinks and you can alcoholic beverages can be found in a giant and you will kissbrides.com you could try this out growing quantity of possibilities. Range satisfies flavor needs, nutritional conditions, and you may lifetime means, incase various beverages come, it is expected to visited euhydration .
Drinks contribute up to 25%–50% off drinking habits [dos,step three,4], therefore he or she is essential for appointment everyday liquids need and achieving euhydration. Hydration has been regarding the fix regarding typical actual and intellectual characteristics .
Although not, it’s been debated one to drinks lead notably towards the broadening obesity cost around the world [six,7], mainly because of its times blogs [8,9,10]. In certain education, Glucose Sweetened Products (SSB) application has been for the weight gain in children and you may people , when you’re proof you to definitely decreasing SSBs tend to reduce the risk of carrying excess fat and you may relevant problems such type 2 diabetes has been viewed because the persuasive . Time consumption from products has increased drastically for the past forty decades because of the approximately 222 fat for each and every people a day .
Nevertheless, products on individuals categories do not contribute equally so you’re able to times consumption . The energy blogs of your take in also usage activities may indicate if not, i.elizabeth., certain caloric products could be ate hardly for this reason contributing hardly any so you can daily times consumption. It’s been contended you to definitely substitution sweetened caloric drinks that have liquid might help lose complete opportunity intake in heavy users . However, use of sweetened caloric products is actually a complex situation that will be viewed not in the caloric share and in new perspective out-of weight-loss activities .
Additionally, likewise in order to food practices, certain situations such as for instance seasonality, physical working out accounts and you may sex can affect the new range when you look at the drink possibilities and you may share so you’re able to overall times intake. These situations haven’t been completely examined; further knowledge of this type commonly clarify the modern question of energy consumption regarding weight loss supplies and out of drinks particularly.
In the a past data conducted into the Greece, making use of the H2o Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, we learned that in 984 grownups, 24% out of intake of water comes from products . There was an enthusiastic unequivocal need further advanced on these findings, elucidating the fresh new sum of beverages so you can total time consumption and harmony.
